Testing Fish Oil against a placebo for type 2 diabetes

Exclusion

• −Lack of time to participate in the full length of the study (18-22 weeks)
• −Allergy to seafood/fish or corn oil
• −Allergy to bovine gelatine or glycerine (softgel components)
• −Allergy to Xylocaine (anesthesia used during fat tissue biopsy)
• −Elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (≥ 20% of calculated Framingham Risk Score)
• −Prior history of cardiovascular events (e.g. stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, flutter, atrial …)
• −Systolic blood pressure \> 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg
• −Diabetes or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
• −Reactive hypoglycaemia
• −Prior history of cancer within the last 3 years or if lymph nodes were removed
• −Thyroid disease - untreated or unstable Synthroid dose
• −Severe renal dysfunction - eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²
• −Hepatic dysfunction - AST/ALT \> 3 times normal limit
• −Anemia - Hb \< 120 g/L in females and \< 130 in males
• −Bleeding disorders
• −Blood coagulation problems (i.e. bleeding predisposition)
• −Malabsorptive disease or surgeries (e.g. bariatric surgeries)
• −Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease (i.e. celiac, inflammatory bowel, Graves, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus).
• −Chronic diarrhea
• −Cholecystectomy (e.g. removal of gall bladder)
• −Sleep apnea
• −Known history of difficulties accessing a vein
• −Known history of vagal shock or loss of consciousness during blood withdrawal
• −Concomitant medications (systemic corticosteroids; hypertension medication; anti-psychotic medications - psycho-active medication that promote weight gain; anticoagulant or anti-aggregates treatment (e.g. aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin, coumadin..); systemic adrenergic agonists; weight-loss medication (e.g. GLP-1 agonists); lipid lowering medication (e.g. statins, anti-PCSK9); )
• −Known substance abuse
• −Very high physical activity (\> 5 hours of aerobic exercise per week)
• −Already taking more than 1 gm of EPA and/or DHA supplementation per day
• −Lack of compliance to the study requirements (i.e. not being fasting)
• −Cancellation of the same scheduled testing visit more than once
• −Other conditions deemed inappropriate by the study physician (e.g. difficulties in understanding/communicating in French or English)
• −Anticipated surgery or blood transfusion